Septoria Leaf Spot
Septoria lycopersici
One of the most common leaf diseases of tomato, Septoria leaf spot speckles the lower leaves with small dark-bordered spots after the plant starts setting fruit. It rarely touches the fruit itself, but it can strip a plant of its leaves, cut yield, and expose fruit to sunscald. Wet, humid weather drives it.
🔎 How to spot it
Look for many small round spots, about one eighth inch across, with dark brown borders and tan to gray centers, scattered across the lower, oldest leaves. With a hand lens you can see tiny black specks, the spore-producing bodies, in the pale centers. Heavily spotted leaves yellow, then brown and drop. The disease moves steadily up the plant.
🥀 Damage it causes
Septoria defoliates the plant from the bottom up, and the loss of leaves weakens it, lowers yield, and leaves fruit exposed to sunscald. It seldom infects the fruit directly. A severe case can strip most of the foliage by late summer.
🔬 What causes it
The disease is caused by the fungus Septoria lycopersici, which overwinters on infected tomato debris and on related weeds such as nightshade. Spores are splashed onto the lowest leaves by rain and overhead watering. It is most active when temperatures run from about 68 to 77 F with high humidity and wet foliage.
🛡️ Prevent it
Rotate tomatoes to a new spot each year and clean up all plant debris at season end. Mulch to block soil splash, water at the base rather than overhead, and space and stake plants so leaves dry quickly. Prune off the lowest leaves and any early spotted leaves. Use resistant varieties where available and avoid working among wet plants.
🧯 If it is already here
At the first spots, pinch off and remove affected leaves; you can take up to a third of the lower leaves if you catch it early. Keep the foliage dry and mulched. If it keeps advancing, an approved organic fungicide containing copper, applied early and repeated through the season per the label, can hold it in check. Remove and destroy debris at the end of the year.
💡 Good to know
Septoria leaf spot is easy to mix up with early blight, but its spots are smaller and more numerous, with tan centers and tiny black dots, and they lack the target rings of early blight. Both begin on the lowest leaves after fruit set, and both are slowed by the same airflow, mulch, and rotation practices.
🌱 Plants it affects
112 plants in the library can be affected by this problem
Annual Vinca
Brunnera
Carolina Jessamine
Celebrity Tomato
Cherokee Purple Tomato
Feather Reed Grass
Norland Potato
Royal Heritage Lenten Rose
SpeedwellFor educational and informational purposes only. Disease management advice is general guidance drawn from university cooperative extension sources; always identify a problem positively and read and follow the label on any product before use, especially around food crops, children, and pets.